Governor Valadares, the link with the USA and the impact of migration on the city

Governador Valadares, a city located in Eastern Minas Gerais, celebrates its 87th anniversary of emancipation on January 30, 2025. The city, which has grown over the decades through intense cultural and economic exchanges, carries a rich history marked by strong American influence during World War II, a massive migration of its citizens to the United States, and the consolidation of its reputation as the “world capital of hang gliding.” Nicknamed “Valadólares,” Governador Valadares is a unique example of how emigration deeply shaped the identity of a Brazilian town, establishing a lasting connection with the outside world. Its trajectory, shaped by direct influences from the United States and Europe, reveals how cultural and economic exchanges transformed a small town in Minas Gerais into a symbol of opportunities and challenges.

Founded in 1938, the city stands out not only for its historical significance but also for its role as a strategic hub in Brazil during World War II. The migratory movement that began in the 1960s transformed Governador Valadares into a migration hotspot, whose effects are still felt today. The strong connection with the “American dream” reflects an endless search for a better life with more economic and social opportunities. However, the story of Valadares is not only about emigration; it is also about the development of its infrastructure, its integration with the global market, and the adaptation of its local culture, which has made the city a true mosaic of traditions.

Amidst migration and its social and economic consequences, Governador Valadares remains a vibrant cultural center, even as the city has seen many of its children leave in search of new horizons. The “Valadólares” phenomenon is therefore a reflection not only of the aspirations of a people but also of the complex network of relationships that has developed over decades between the city, Brazil, and the world.

The American presence and the impact of World War II

During World War II, Governador Valadares’ strategic importance was solidified when the United States established a mica extraction base in the region. This mineral, essential for the electrical and aviation industries, was crucial to the Allied war effort. The city became a production hub, with over 80% of the mica used by the Allies coming from Valadares. The region, rich in this mineral, attracted the interest of the Americans, who not only set up extraction infrastructure but also brought significant changes to local living conditions, including advancements in sanitation.

With American technical and financial support, the city saw the rise of new industries, the construction of roads, and the introduction of vehicles like jeeps, which became iconic in local memory. Additionally, the American presence led to significant improvements in public health, eradicating diseases like malaria and yellow fever, and the development of water and sewage systems that became a reference in Brazil.

This enduring influence was not merely a reflection of the historical moment, but also a seed that would continue to grow in the following decades. The American presence in the city had economic, social, and cultural implications that would endure long after the war ended, forever shaping the future of Governador Valadares.

Migration to the United States and the construction of the “Valadólares” identity

In the 1960s, a new wave of migration began in Governador Valadares, initially with young people traveling abroad for cultural exchanges and to learn English. The contact with Americans during World War II sparked interest in new opportunities, particularly economic ones. The United States, viewed as a land of prosperity and possibility, became the destination of thousands of people from the city. What began as a temporary trip for studies or work soon turned into a large-scale migratory movement.

In the 1970s, many residents of Valadares began returning to the city with resources earned abroad, starting businesses, buying property, and encouraging even more migration. This emigration phenomenon intensified in the following decades, especially after the economic crisis of the 1980s, which severely affected Brazil. With scarce jobs and political and economic instability, migration became a survival strategy, and Governador Valadares became one of the largest exporters of labor to the United States, along with other international destinations such as Portugal, Germany, Australia, and New Zealand.

This movement earned the city the affectionate nickname of “Valadólares,” a reference both to the migration phenomenon and to the economic impact of remittances sent by emigrants, which helped boost local commerce and infrastructure. The bond between Governador Valadares and the United States remains one of the most defining aspects of the city’s identity to this day.

The Emigrant Square: A symbol of longing and belonging

In the heart of Governador Valadares, Emigrant Square stands out as a monument to those who left in search of a better life. Located in front of the city’s shopping mall, the square was built to honor the thousands of valadarenses who migrated over the years. This public space is not just a gathering place, but also a point of reflection and pride for those with family members living abroad.

Emigrant Square symbolizes the importance of migration in shaping the city’s identity. It reflects the longing, hope, and deep connection that many citizens of Governador Valadares maintain with their roots, even when they are far from home. The fact that many migrants periodically return to the city, either to visit family or to start businesses, is proof that the connection to the municipality is never completely severed, even when geographical distance is considerable.

The political phenomenon: A political connection with the United States

The migration of Valadares’ residents to the United States is not limited to economic and cultural spheres. The bond with the country also extends into the political realm, with manifestations of support for American presidential candidates. In the 2020 and 2024 elections, the city stood out for the number of billboards around town displaying messages of support for candidates such as Donald Trump and Kamala Harris, drawing attention to the intensity and visibility of this phenomenon.

This political support has roots in families that, after establishing themselves in the United States, acquired dual citizenship and continued to exercise political influence in the city. This connection between the two nations is, in a way, an extension of the economic and cultural ties, but also reveals a civic engagement that transcends national borders.

The “world capital of hang gliding” and tourism in Governador Valadares

In addition to being a center of emigration and cultural exchange, Governador Valadares is known as the “world capital of hang gliding.” The city, with its ideal geographical conditions and favorable climate, has become a coveted destination for hang gliding and paragliding enthusiasts worldwide. Known for its stunning landscapes, which offer a panoramic view of the Doce River Valley, Valadares hosts international championships, such as the Paragliding World Championship, becoming a reference point for the sport.

Tourism, especially related to aerial sports, has become one of the main sources of income for the city. The presence of tourists from various parts of the world, seeking adrenaline and unique experiences, contributes not only to the local economy but also to the construction of a more cosmopolitan identity for Governador Valadares.

Immigration and cultural diversity: The construction of a mosaic of stories

Throughout its history, Governador Valadares has been a stage for constant migration, from the first settlers from other regions of Minas Gerais to immigrants from other states and countries. The city, which received immigrants from Espírito Santo, as well as descendants of Italians, Germans, and other ethnic groups, formed itself as a cultural mosaic, blending traditions, customs, and influences.

This cultural diversity is reflected in its cuisine, architecture, traditional festivals, and the way its residents live, who take pride in their multi-ethnic identity. The constant cultural exchanges and the presence of various immigrant communities also make Governador Valadares a city of opportunities, where different cultures contribute to an environment of innovation and pluralism.

The legacy of Governador Valadares for Brazil

The legacy left by Governador Valadares is not limited to its emigration story, but also to the impact of the economic and social transformations the city has undergone throughout its history. Emigration, cultural exchanges, and technological and sanitary advancements during World War II are just a few of the indelible marks that make Valadares an example of adaptation and resilience.